Pentingnya Pemasaran

Sebelumnya saya telah memposting beberapa materi dari salah satu sumber internet. Sekarang saya akan memposting materi manajemen pemasaran dari buku Philip Kotler. Semoga bermanfaat bagi pembaca :)

Pertama saya akan membahas mengenai pentingnya pemasaran. Kesuksesan finansial sering bergantung pada kemampuan pemasaran. Finansial, operasi, akuntansi, dan fungsi bisnis lainnya tidak akan berarti jika tidak ada cukup permintaan akan produk dan jasa sehingga perusahaan bisa menghasilkan keuntungan. Harus ada pendapatan agar laba didapat.
Membuat keputusan yang benar tentang perubahan tidak selalu mudah. Para manajer pemasaran harus memutuskan fitur apa yang harus diciptakan pada produk, harga yang ditawarkan kepada pelanggan, dimana mereka harus menjual produk, dan berapa jumlah anggaran yang harus dihabiskan untuk iklan, penjualan, atau intetnet.

Retail

Eceran atau disebut pula *ritel* (bahasa Inggris
: "retail") adalah salah satu cara pemasaran produk meliputi semua aktivitas yang melibatkan penjualan barang
 secara langsung ke konsumen akhir untuk penggunaan pribadi dan bukan bisnis
. Organisasi
 ataupun seseorang yang menjalankan bisnis ini disebut pula sebagai pengecer
. Pada prakteknya pengecer melakukan pembelian barang ataupun produk
 dalam jumlah besar dari produsen, ataupun pengimport baik secara langsung ataupun melaluigrosir
, untuk kemudian dijual kembali dalam jumlah kecil.
* Produk makanan.
* Peranti keras - perabot rumah tangga
, elektronik konsumen
, mebel
 (furnitur), dan alat olahraga
.
* Peranti biasa atau peranti konsumsi - pakaian
 dan barang tenunan lainnya.

Sumber : Wikipedia

Segmentasi Pasar

Segmentasi pasar adalah kegiatan membagi suatu pasar
menjadi kelompok-kelompok pembeli yang berbeda yang memiliki kebutuhan, karakteristik, atau perilaku yang berbeda yang mungkin membutuhkan produk atau bauran pemasaran yang berbeda. Segmentasi pasar juga dapat diartikan sebagai proses pengidentifikasian dan menganalisis para pembeli di pasar produk, menganalisis perbedaan antara pembeli di pasar.

Sumber : wikipedia

Konsep Pemasaran

Konsep pemasaran adalah falsafah bisnis yang menyatakan bhwa pemuas kebutuhan konsumen merupakan syarat sosial dan ekonomi bagi perusahaan.
3 unsur konsep pemasaran:
1. Orientasi pd konsumen
2. Penyusunan kegiatan pemasaran secara integral
3. Kepuasan konsumen

Sumber: wikipedia

Definisi Manajemen Pemasaran

Manajemen Pemasaran adalah salah satu kegiatan-kegiatan pokok yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan untuk mempertahankan kelangsungan perusahaannya, untuk berkembang, dan untuk mendapatkan laba. Proses pemasaran itu dimulai jauh sejak sebelum barang-barang diproduksi, dan tidak berakhir dengan penjualan. Kegiatan pemasaran perusahaan harus juga memberikan kepuasan kepada konsumen jika menginginkan usahanya berjalan terus, atau konsumen mempunyai pandangan yang lebih baik terhadap perusahaan (Dharmmesta & Handoko, 1982).

Secara definisi, Manajemen Pemasaran adalah penganalisaan, perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan pengawasan program-program yang bertujuan menimbulkan pertukaran dengan pasar yang dituju dengan maksud untuk mencapai tujuan perusahaan (Kotler, 1980).

Sumber : http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manajemen_pemasaran

Unit 2 Structures in Human Capital Management

A Human Resources Management System enables you to set uporganizational hierarchies and employee relationship and then store administer employee data in the system. You must be able to evaluate and report employee data flexibly and from all enterprise-specific organizational aspects. Every employee is include in the structure of his or her enterprises. Data entry is restricted as the validity of all employee data is checked.

The enterprise structure for personnel administration is determined by the following elements:

• ·         Client

• ·         Company Code

• ·         Personnel Area

• ·         Personnel Subarea

A personnel area is assigned to a company code in Personnel Administration. The individual personnel areas in a company code have four-digits alphanumeric identifiers.

The following are the principal functions of the employee group:

1.      Default values can be generated for the payroll accounting area or, for example, basic pay, according to employee group.

2.      The employee group is used as a selection criterion for reporting.

3.      The employee group is one unit of the authorization check.

All control features of the personnel structure are defined at employee subgroup level. The most important features are described below:

• ·         The employee subgroup grouping for the Personel Payroll Calculation Rule allows you to define different payroll procedures for different employee subgroups.

• ·         The employee subgroup grouping for primary wage types on an employee subgroup level, whereas the grouping for collective agreement provisions restrict the validity of pay scale groups to certain employee groups.

• ·         When entering data, you can define default values using the employee subgroup, for example, for the payroll accounting area.

Jobs are Important for the following application components:

• ·         Shift Planning

• ·         Personnel Cost Planing

• ·         Personnel Development

In Organization and Staffing you can:

• ·         Maintain the basic data for your organizational plan

• ·         Maintain the reporting structure (hierarchy of positions) that exists between the positions in your organizational plan

• ·         Main cost center assignments

Unit 1 Navigation

Navigation

before you log on the  first time,your system administratorwill give you an initial password. During the logon process,you should create a new password, one that you alone will know. After that,use your own password whenever you log on.

The SAP logon icon now appears in both the ask bar(together with the SAP release number) and the system tray (that is,the bottom right corner of your dekstop).

If there are system-wide messages,the system Messages dialog box appears. After you have read the messages, choose continue or enter to close the dialog box.

SAP systems are client systems. The client concept enables the parallel operation, in one system,of several enterprises that are independent of each other in bussiness terms.

A Clientis, in organizational terms, an independent unit in the system. Each client has its own data environment and therefore its own master data, transaction data,and assigned user master records.

For a user to log on to the system, a master record must exist in the system for that user,reffering to the relevant client. To protect access, a password is required for logon. The password entry is masked "with asterisk".

Multiple logons are always logged in the system. This is for security as well as licensing reasons . A warning messages appears if the same user attempts to log on more than once. The messages offers three options:

·         Continue with the current logon and end any other session (s) of the same user in the system

·         Continue with the logon without ending other sessions in the system (logged in the system)

·         Terminate current logon attempt

Navigation Tree

In SAP Easy Access, you can create a favorites list containing:

·         Transaction

·         Files

·         Web addresses

Every function (not screen ) in the SAP system is a transaction code (T Code). You can access the assigned transaction code from any screen  in the system. You can find the transaction code for the functions you are working in at the moment by choosing System information on the status bar or by choosing status under the system menu option. Other possible entries:

·         /n – ends the current transaction

·         /o – opens a new session

·         /i – ends the current session

·         /oXXX – where XXXX is a transaction code takes you to the specified transaction code suchas/opa30 will open a new session at the transaction code pa30  - Maintain Master Data.

Status Bar

The status bar provides general information on the SAP system and transaction or task you are working on. System messages display left of the status bar. The right end of the status bar contains three fields: one with server information,the other two with status information.

·         Left end of status bar: Error and other system messages display here.

·         Right end of the status bar:System information displays here. Choose this field to display the following system information:

-          System

-          Client

-          User

-          Program

-          Transaction

-          Response time

·           Second status field: this field tells you what server you are connected to.

·           Third status field: This field displays the data entry mode. Choose this field to switch between Insert (INS) and Overwrite(OVR) modes.

Multiple Sessions

You can create a session at any time. You do not lose any data in sessions that are already open.

You can create up to six sessions per logon. Each session you create is as if you logged on to the system again. Each session is independent  of the others. For example, closing the first session does not cause the other sessions to close.

Too many open sessions can results in slower system performance. For this reason, youe system administrator may limit the number of sessions you can create to fewer than six.

As long as you remain logged on to the SAP system,you can leave a session for as long as you like. Moving to a different session is like putting a telephone call o hold: you can resume the call whenever you are ready. You can move among sessions as often as you like without losing any data.

To move from one session to another, click any part of the window that contains the sessions you want to go to (or use the keys specified for changing windows). The window you choose becomes the active window:it movies in front of all the other windows on your screen.

If you have several sessions open,you can minimize the sessions you are not using. When you need to use one of these sessions later,you can restore it by clicking the appropriate symbol in the status bar,making it the active session. By minimizing the sessions you are not using,you can significantly reduce the system load.

After finish using a session, it is a good ides to end it. Each session uses system resources that can affect how fast the SAP system responds to your requests. Before you end a session, save any data you want to keep. When ypu end a session, the system does not prompt you to save your data.

Help features

The SAP system provides comprehensive online help. You can display the help from any screen in the system. You can always request help using the help menu or using the relevan icon. The help menu contains the following options:

Application help

Displays comprehensive help on the current applicatio. Selecting this menu option in the initial screen displays help on getting started with the SAP system.

SAP library

     Contains all online documentation.

Glossary

     Enables you to search for definitions of terms.

Release notes

Enables you to read about functional changes that occur between SAP releases.

SAP SERVICE Marketplace

The SAP Service Marjetplace also offers fast and user-friendly access to the SAP library. The SAP Service Marketplace is a web site for customers to conduct research and post problem/solitions,review release notes,and so on.

You can also access the help portal directly athttp://help.sap.com

Create Support Message

     Enables you to send a message to the SAPNet front-end,SAP’s service system.

Settings

     Enables you to select settings for help.

     Use F1 for help on fields, menus, functions, and messages.

     Use F4 for information on what values ypu can enter.

SAP Human Resources

-            Job Analysis merupakan aktivitas atau proses untuk meneliti memisah-misahkan dengan suatu metode tertentu menghubungkan suatu keseluruhan, umtuk menetapkan pekerjaan dan tugas guna mencapai tujuan tertentu.

-            Job Description merupakam rincian pekerjaan yang berisi informasi menyeluruh tentang tugas dan tanggung jawab.

-            Recruitment merupakan serangkaian aktivitas mencari pelamar kerja, kemampuan, dan keahlian.

-            Selection merupakan proses menentukan tenaga kerja yang tepat dari sekian banyak calon yang ada.

-            Placement merupakan menempatkan karyawan sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan kopetensinya.

-            Compensation merupakan seluruh imbalan yang diterima karyawan atau hasil kerja pada organisasi

-            Training merupakan proses melatih kegiatan ataupun pekerjaan

-            Development merupakan peningkatan kemampuan dalam pengambilan keputusan dan  memperluas hubungan manusia ditujukan bagi pegawai

-            Career Planning  merupakan semua jabatan (pekerjaan) yang diterima karyawan atas hasil kerja karyawan tersebut.

-            Termination merupakan pembatasan dan pembagian waktu atau pemutusan hubungan kerja